Hesperidin, a flavone glycoside isolated from citrus fruits, can be used to facilitate Chlorpyrifos pollution side effect

Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is an organophosphate pesticide widely used in agriculture. It poses significant health risks due to its neurotoxic, hepatotoxic, and reproductive effects. Given that current treatments for the health problems caused by hazardous toxins are inadequate and highlight the need for new treatments, this study investigated the effects of hesperidin, a flavonoid from citrus fruits, in reducing the harmful effects of CPF exposure. Based on the results, hesperidin treatment significantly improved cell viability and reduced oxidative damage markers such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels, along with oxidative stress factors. It can augment the antioxidant cellular defenses via the ERK/Nrf2 signaling pathway, reduce inflammatory targets, and inhibit lipid peroxidation. Histopathological analysis of the organs showed that hesperidin reduced inflammation and collagen accumulation in liver tissue, suggesting its protective role in maintaining liver structure. Furthermore, hesperidin appears to counteract the pro-apoptotic effects of CPF, as evidenced by lower levels of cell death markers. These findings highlight the potential of hesperidin as a therapeutic agent against CPF-induced damage and emphasize its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study supports further research into hesperidin and similar plant compounds as potential solutions to pesticide-related health issues. This research advances our understanding of how natural substances can mitigate the harmful effects of environmental pollutants and paves the way for future studies in this area.