English language learning and its socio-cultural effects: A comparative study of private and government schools of Islamabad

Learning starts from birth and continues until death, but learning techniques vary from time to time and region to region. Language learning techniques play a vital role in the learning process. They also have a socio-cultural impact in every society. The same is the case with the English language learning process across the world. The natives of postcolonial countries always try to copy the techniques of developed nations in one way or another. Underdeveloped countries fail in getting good results because of the lack of resources and cultural barriers. The people of a multicultural society like Pakistan speak different languages, and this is the reason for there being different mediums of instruction in Pakistani schools. After independence, Pakistan inherited the colonial language, that is, English as the official language. English, the requirement of modern times, is being used in scientific research, media, international trade and business, and internet communications. It is also considered the world's lingua franca. With time, a transformation has taken place in how the English language is taught and learned at different institutions in Pakistan. This paper deals with the examination of learning methods/techniques, and their socio-cultural impact on students and teachers in different schools of Islamabad. Further, it also investigates how English is indigenizing the other languages of the country. This study utilized a mixed-method approach. The data has been collected using the following tools: observation, interviews, and questionnaires.