Thermophoretic particle deposition in thermo-bioconvection flow of diamond-SiC-Co₃O₄/water-based trihybrid nanofluid with oxytactic and gyrotactic microorganisms: biotechnological applications

The present study investigates the impacts of heat generation and Marangoni convection on the thermophoretic particle deposition in chemical reactive flow of Diamond -SiC- Co3O4Diamond -SiC- Co3O4WaterWater-based trihybrid nanofluid across a sheet with oxytactic and gyrotactic microorganisms. Gradients of surface tension are varied to find Marangoni convection. It can be used in a variety of industries, including welding, crystal formation, soap film stabilization, and drying silicon wafer. The trihybrid nanofluid Diamond -SiC- Co3O4Diamond -SiC- Co3O4H2OH2O flow model is made up of nanoparticles of diamond ND, and cobalt oxide Co3O4, silicon carbide SiC dissolved in water H2O. This model has applications in advanced bioengineering and environmental processes, including biofuel generation, wastewater treatment, and medication delivery system improvement. Microorganisms improve mass and heat transfer, which is advantageous for biomedical applications and microfluidic systems. Furthermore, industrial processes needing effective heat transfer, such cooling systems in biotechnology labs and reactors, can be optimized by the trihybrid nanofluid’s enhanced thermal characteristics. The constitutive equations were converted into ODEs using similarity variables, and then they were resolved applying MATLAB’s bvp4c function. The outcomes demonstrate that the modified model more exactly indicates higher heat transfer rates than the classical model. Concentration and oxytactic microorganism distributions decrease with increasing thermophoretic parameter.