The effects of prolactin on the immune system, its relationship with the severity of COVID-19, and its potential immunomodulatory therapeutic effect

Yousef Rasmi; Ladan Jalali; Saliha Khalid; Ameneh Shokati; Poonam Tyagi; Alpaslan Ozturk; Amir Nasimfar

doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156253

The effects of prolactin on the immune system, its relationship with the severity of COVID-19, and its potential immunomodulatory therapeutic effect

Yousef Rasmi, Ladan Jalali, Saliha Khalid, Ameneh Shokati, Poonam Tyagi, Alpaslan Ozturk, Amir Nasimfar

Medical Laboratory Sciences

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

12 Scopus citations

Abstract

Prolactin (PRL) is an endocrine hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that has a variety of physiological effects, including milk production, immune system regulation, and anti-inflammatory effects. Elevated levels of PRL have been found in several viral infections, including 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2), a viral pathogen that has recently spread worldwide. PRL production is increased in SARS-CoV2 infection. While PRL can trigger the production of proinflammatory cytokines, it also has several anti-inflammatory effects that can reduce hyperinflammation. The exact mechanism of PRL's contribution to the severity of COVID-19 is unknown. The purpose of this review is to discuss the interaction between PRL and SARS-CoV2 infection and its possible association with the severity of COVID-19.

Original language	English
Article number	156253
Journal	Cytokine
Volume	169
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156253
State	Published - Sep 2023

Keywords

COVID-19
Immunomodulatory effects
Prolactin
SARS-CoV-2
Severity

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156253

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title = "The effects of prolactin on the immune system, its relationship with the severity of COVID-19, and its potential immunomodulatory therapeutic effect",

abstract = "Prolactin (PRL) is an endocrine hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that has a variety of physiological effects, including milk production, immune system regulation, and anti-inflammatory effects. Elevated levels of PRL have been found in several viral infections, including 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2), a viral pathogen that has recently spread worldwide. PRL production is increased in SARS-CoV2 infection. While PRL can trigger the production of proinflammatory cytokines, it also has several anti-inflammatory effects that can reduce hyperinflammation. The exact mechanism of PRL's contribution to the severity of COVID-19 is unknown. The purpose of this review is to discuss the interaction between PRL and SARS-CoV2 infection and its possible association with the severity of COVID-19.",

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author = "Yousef Rasmi and Ladan Jalali and Saliha Khalid and Ameneh Shokati and Poonam Tyagi and Alpaslan Ozturk and Amir Nasimfar",

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T1 - The effects of prolactin on the immune system, its relationship with the severity of COVID-19, and its potential immunomodulatory therapeutic effect

AU - Rasmi, Yousef

AU - Jalali, Ladan

AU - Khalid, Saliha

AU - Shokati, Ameneh

AU - Tyagi, Poonam

AU - Ozturk, Alpaslan

AU - Nasimfar, Amir

PY - 2023/9

Y1 - 2023/9

N2 - Prolactin (PRL) is an endocrine hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that has a variety of physiological effects, including milk production, immune system regulation, and anti-inflammatory effects. Elevated levels of PRL have been found in several viral infections, including 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2), a viral pathogen that has recently spread worldwide. PRL production is increased in SARS-CoV2 infection. While PRL can trigger the production of proinflammatory cytokines, it also has several anti-inflammatory effects that can reduce hyperinflammation. The exact mechanism of PRL's contribution to the severity of COVID-19 is unknown. The purpose of this review is to discuss the interaction between PRL and SARS-CoV2 infection and its possible association with the severity of COVID-19.

AB - Prolactin (PRL) is an endocrine hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that has a variety of physiological effects, including milk production, immune system regulation, and anti-inflammatory effects. Elevated levels of PRL have been found in several viral infections, including 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2), a viral pathogen that has recently spread worldwide. PRL production is increased in SARS-CoV2 infection. While PRL can trigger the production of proinflammatory cytokines, it also has several anti-inflammatory effects that can reduce hyperinflammation. The exact mechanism of PRL's contribution to the severity of COVID-19 is unknown. The purpose of this review is to discuss the interaction between PRL and SARS-CoV2 infection and its possible association with the severity of COVID-19.

KW - COVID-19

KW - Immunomodulatory effects

KW - Prolactin

KW - SARS-CoV-2

KW - Severity

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U2 - 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156253

DO - 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156253

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SN - 1043-4666

VL - 169

JO - Cytokine

JF - Cytokine

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ER -

The effects of prolactin on the immune system, its relationship with the severity of COVID-19, and its potential immunomodulatory therapeutic effect

Abstract

Keywords

UN SDGs

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