Studying high suction effect on boundary-layer flow of a nanofluid on permeable surface via singular perturbation technique

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the analysis of the steady boundary layer flow of nanofluid and heat transfer on a continuously moving permeable or fixed surface in the presence of high suction effect. A model is developed to analyze the behavior of nanofluids taking into account the solid fraction. Different water based nanofluids containing metallic nanoparticles as copper (Cu), or nonmetallic nanoparticles alumina (Al₂O₃) and titanium oxide (TiO₂) has been considered. The resulting governing equations with associated boundary conditions are nondimensionalized and transformed into a similar form and then they are solved via singular perturbation technique. The method results in approximate analytical solution of the considered equations. A comparison with numerical solution generated using the inbuilt MATLAB solver, bvp4c, is presented and reveals that the applied method is sufficiently accurate for engineering applications. Numerical results for the velocity and temperature profiles, as well as the local skin friction coefficient and local Nusselt number are shown graphically and discussed for several values of the solid volume fraction parameter and large values of suction parameter.