State-of-the-Art of the most commonly adopted wave energy conversion systems

The vast diversity of wave energy conversion systems (WECSs) in the literature makes selecting the suitable WECS for wave energy harvest a stubborn process. This work summarizes six of the most widely adopted WECSs used heavily in previous research assessments and practical projects. This includes the Archimedes Wave Swing (AWS), the Wave Dragon (WD), Pelamis Wave Power (PWP), Aquabouy (AB), the Oyster, and the Oscillating Water Column (OWC). The work includes the mathematical modeling of these WECSs and the different projects and prototypes that involve these WECSs. Moreover, the latest research development in each of these WECSs is presented. Also, the wave energy potential in the world is discussed. Besides, the wave energy potential in Egypt, including that of the Mediterranean and the Red Sea, is discussed in detail. Furthermore, the steps required to perform a future feasibility study in Egypt and suggestions for the enhancement of an older study are provided. Finally, some suggestions and required equations are presented to explore the site power density and the most suitable WECS to be utilized in Egypt.