SLE initially presenting with neuropsychiatric manifestations and seizure, case report

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem autoimmune disorder exhibiting variable disease courses and multiple clinical manifestations. SLE's aetiology remains unclear; however, different environmental (e.g., ultraviolet light, infections, drugs, etc.), genetic, and hormonal factors are potentially involved. A positive family history and history of having other autoimmune illnesses are considered high-risk factors for SLE; nevertheless, most SLE cases are scattered. The 2019 European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology classification criteria for SLE include at least one positive antinuclear antibody test as a mandatory entry criterion, followed by additive weighted standards grouped in seven clinical (constitutional, haematological, neuropsychiatric, serosal, musculoskeletal, renal, and mucocutaneous) and three immunological (antiphospholipid antibodies, complement proteins, and SLE-specific antibodies) domains weighted from 2 to 10, with patients accumulating ≥10 points being diagnosed with SLE. Herein, we report a case of neuropsychiatric lupus, a rare and severe form of SLE.