Simultaneously transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surfaces with energy harvesting from a water flow

This article derives the throughput of simultaneously transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (STAR-RIS) with energy harvesting from a water flow to transmit data to two users located at the transmitting and reflecting spaces of STAR-RIS. Water speed is being modeled as a Gaussian random variable (r.v.). Our analysis takes into consideration water density as well as the plate length and width. Harvesting duration is optimised to maximise data rates. STAR-RIS allows 15, 30 and 45 dB gain using 16, 32, 64 reflectors when compared to eight reflectors.