Review of recent designs, performance, and configurations for the pyramid solar still

Fresh water is essential for day-to-day survival. The primary issue facing undeveloped nations is the continuous scarcity of clean water, and drinking contaminated water to survive may harm one’s health. Due to population expansion, there is less fresh water available. Boring wells, rainwater, and water from rivers or lakes are among the potential water sources. For isolated, arid, and semiarid regions, solar distillation is appropriate. Where there is a severe drinking water deficit and intense solar radiation. With free energy, straightforward, affordable technology, and a clean atmosphere, solar still (SS) partly meets man’s demand for drinking water, especially in distant locations. This review focuses on pyramid solar stills (PSS), highlighting their potential to meet drinking water demands with free, clean energy and simple technology. This paper comprehensively reviews numerical, experimental, and combined (numerical and experimental), discussing various setups, parameters, and results. Key advancements, performance improvements, and future research directions are outlined, emphasizing the importance of innovative designs and optimization for enhanced efficiency and freshwater production.