Recent Trends in the Public Acceptance of Autonomous Vehicles: A Review

The rapid evolution of autonomous vehicles (AVs) has ignited widespread interest in their potential to transform mobility and transportation ecosystems. However, despite significant technological advances, the acceptance of AVs by the public remains a complex and multifaceted challenge. This state-of-the-art review explores the key factors influencing AV acceptance, focusing on the intersection of artificial intelligence (AI) services, user experience, social dynamics, and regulatory landscapes across diverse global regions. By analyzing trust, perceived safety (PS), cybersecurity, and user interface design, this paper delves into the psychological and behavioral drivers that shape public perception of AVs. It also highlights the role of demographic segmentation and media influence in accelerating or hindering adoption. A comparative analysis of AV acceptance across North America, Europe, Asia, and emerging markets reveals significant regional variations, influenced by regulatory frameworks, economic conditions, and social trends. Also, this review reveals critical insights into the perceived safety associated with AV technology, including legal uncertainties and cybersecurity concerns, while emphasizing the future potential of AVs in urban environments, public transit, and autonomous logistics fleets. This review concludes by proposing strategic roadmaps and policy implications to accelerate AV adoption, offering a forward-looking perspective on how advances in technology, coupled with targeted industry and government initiatives, can shape the future of autonomous mobility. Through a comprehensive examination of current trends and challenges, this paper provides a foundation for future research and innovation aimed at enhancing public acceptance and trust in AVs.