Recent progress in the integrating of smartphone-based biosensors with nanozymes for biomedical analysis

The global spread of diseases caused by multiple reasons importantly poses public health concerns, and approaches for the facile diagnosis of biomarkers/markers can efficiently prevent deterioration. The integration of smartphone-based biosensors with nanozymes is an important advancement in efficient and portable analytical approaches. Nanozymes, as alternatives to natural enzymes, are nanoscale materials that have been demonstrated to be potential candidates for designing different analytical methods due to the advantages of excellent catalytic features, high stability, easy-to-regulate performance, and affordability. In this regard, the application of nanozymes as nonspecific recognition receptors has received considerable attention for the analysis of different markers/biomarkers in the biomedical field. In this perspective, capturing and analyzing of the outputs of different signals from analytes through catalytic reactions of nanozymes is a significant aspect of this field. Computational power and user-friendliness of smartphones have provided a powerful platform for their implementation in biosensors based on nanozymes. These systems have presented sensitive, rapid, cost-efficient sensing approaches for quantification of a wide range of targets in biomedical analysis. This comprehensive review has elucidated the development of smartphone-assisted nanozyme biosensors for biomedical analytes. The study discusses significant applications of smartphones and nanozymes in medical diagnostics. Moreover, recent advancements and future opportunities for smartphone-based nanozymes are highlighted.