Recent advances in the application of nanoparticle-based strategies for water remediation as a novel clean technology–A comprehensive review

In the contemporary period characterized by limited availability of water resources, the efficient treatment of wastewater is a fundamental requirement for the advancement of the economy. The development and implementation of modern wastewater treatment technologies that exhibit high efficiency and low capital requirements are of utmost importance. Currently, nanotechnology is a highly prioritized field of research in numerous nations because of its significant potential and economic implications. Nanotechnology has shown great potential in the field of water treatment and remediation. Through the utilization of different nanomaterials, water can be purified using various mechanisms. These mechanisms include the adsorption of heavy metals, dyes, and other contaminants, as well as the inactivation and elimination of pathogens. Additionally, nanotechnology enables the conversion of harmful materials into less harmful compounds, further enhancing its effectiveness in water treatment and remediation. This article aims to present a comprehensive review of contemporary advancements in nanotechnologies utilized for water and wastewater treatment. The discussed techniques include adsorption, photocatalytic water treatment methods such as nanoelectro-catalysts and Fenton catalysts, disinfection, nanosponges, nanomembrane, aerobic digestion, and core-shell plasmonic nanosensors. Furthermore, the article provides insights into the various opportunities, limitations, and future prospects associated with these advancements.