Radiative and dissipative magnetized blood-based hybrid nanofluid flow through a stretchable convergent/divergent channel with impacts of variable porous medium

This work investigates hybrid nanofluid flow through two converging/diverging channels filled with variable porous medium. Blood is considered as base fluid, while titanium oxide (TiO₂) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles are mixed in it. The impacts of thermal radiations and magnetic field have incorporated in the flow problem where the flow has induced by the convergent/divergent behavior of the walls such that the walls are stretchable/shrinkable. The main equations have altered to dimension free notation by using suitable transformations and then have evaluated through bvp4c technique. It has deduced in this work that velocity distribution has augmented with growth in Hartmann and Reynolds numbers while declined with upsurge in variable porous factor and angle between channels. Thermal distribution has escalated with upsurge in radiation factor, Reynolds number, heat source factor and Eckert number. The impact of various emerging factors on skin friction and Nusselt number has been computationally evaluated through tabular form both for TiO₂ + Ag/blood hybrid nanofluid and Ag/blood nanofluid. Current results have compared with established work and revealed a fine agreement among all the works.