TY - JOUR
T1 - Quantitative Study of Non-Linear Convection Diffusion Equations for a Rotating-Disc Electrode
AU - Alshammari, Fahad Sameer
AU - Jan, Hamad
AU - Sulaiman, Muhammad
AU - Prathumwan, Din
AU - Laouini, Ghaylen
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 by the authors.
PY - 2023/1
Y1 - 2023/1
N2 - Rotating-disc electrodes (RDEs) are favored technologies for analyzing electrochemical processes in electrically charged cells and other revolving machines, such as engines, compressors, gearboxes, and generators. The model is based on the concept of the nonlinear entropy convection-diffusion equations, which are constructed using semi-boundaries as an infinite notion. In this model, the surrogate solutions with different parameter values for the mathematical characterization of non-dimensional (Formula presented.) and (Formula presented.) ion concentrations at a rotating-disc electrode (RDE) are investigated using an intelligent hybrid technique by utilizing neural networks (NN) and the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm (LMA). Reference solutions were calculated using the RK-4 numerical method. Through the training, validation, and testing sampling of reference solutions, the NN-BLMA approximations were recorded. Error histograms, absolute error, curve fitting graphs, and regression graphs validated the NN-BLMA’s resilience and accuracy for the problem. Additionally, the comparison graphs between the reference solution and the NN-BLMA procedure established that our paradigm is reliable and accurate.
AB - Rotating-disc electrodes (RDEs) are favored technologies for analyzing electrochemical processes in electrically charged cells and other revolving machines, such as engines, compressors, gearboxes, and generators. The model is based on the concept of the nonlinear entropy convection-diffusion equations, which are constructed using semi-boundaries as an infinite notion. In this model, the surrogate solutions with different parameter values for the mathematical characterization of non-dimensional (Formula presented.) and (Formula presented.) ion concentrations at a rotating-disc electrode (RDE) are investigated using an intelligent hybrid technique by utilizing neural networks (NN) and the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm (LMA). Reference solutions were calculated using the RK-4 numerical method. Through the training, validation, and testing sampling of reference solutions, the NN-BLMA approximations were recorded. Error histograms, absolute error, curve fitting graphs, and regression graphs validated the NN-BLMA’s resilience and accuracy for the problem. Additionally, the comparison graphs between the reference solution and the NN-BLMA procedure established that our paradigm is reliable and accurate.
KW - entropy
KW - hydrogen and hydroxide ion concentration
KW - machine learning
KW - mathematical modeling
KW - neural networks
KW - non-linear equations
KW - numerical solutions
KW - rotating-disc electrode
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85146821176&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/e25010134
DO - 10.3390/e25010134
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85146821176
SN - 1099-4300
VL - 25
JO - Entropy
JF - Entropy
IS - 1
M1 - 134
ER -