Propagation of three-dimensional ion-acoustic solitary waves in magnetized negative ion plasmas with nonthermal electrons

Properties of small amplitude nonlinear ion-acoustic solitary waves in a warm magneto plasma with positive-negative ions and nonthermal electrons are investigated. For this purpose, the hydrodynamic equations for the positive-negative ions, nonthermal electron density distribution, and the Poisson equation are used to derive the corresponding nonlinear evolution equation; Zkharov-Kuznetsov (ZK) equation, in the small amplitude regime. The ZK equation is analyzed to examine the existence regions of the solitary pulses. It is found that compressive and rarefactive ion-acoustic solitary waves strongly depend on the mass and density ratios of the positive and negative ions as well as the nonthermal electron parameter. Also, it is found that there are two critical values for the density ratio of the negative-to-positive ions (ν), the ratio between unperturbed electron-to-positive ion density (μ), and the nonthermal electron parameter (β), which decide the existence of positive and negative ion-acoustic solitary waves. The present study is applied to examine the small amplitude nonlinear ion-acoustic solitary excitations for the (H⁺, O₂^-) and (H⁺, H ^-) plasmas, where they are found in the D- and F-regions of the Earth's ionosphere. This investigation should be helpful in understanding the salient features of the nonlinear ion-acoustic solitary waves in space and in laboratory plasmas where two distinct groups of ions and non-Boltzmann distributed electrons are present.