Preparation and Optimization of Naringin Oral Nanocarrier: In Vitro Characterization and Antibacterial Activity

Naringin (NG), is a poorly water-soluble flavonoid that has reported to possess a variety of therapeutic efficacies. The present research work is designed to prepare and optimize Naringin hybrid nanoparticles (NG-HNs) using lipid (A), chitosan (B), and D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (C). The formulations were optimized using a Box–Behnken Design (BBD), and the selection of optimized composition (NG-HNop) was carried out on the basis of low particle size (Y₁) and high entrapment efficiency (Y₂) using the point prediction method. The selected NG-HNop was further evaluated in order to study permeation, drug release, antimicrobial and antioxidant effect, and cell viability. The optimized nanoparticles (NG-HNop) showed a particle size and entrapment efficiency of 246 ± 8.3 nm and 83.5 ± 2.1%, with a polydispersibility index (PDI) of 0.23 and a Zeta potential of + 18.1 mV, indicating high stability. The optimized NG-HNop exhibited better drug release (89.62 ± 4.54%) and enhanced permeation (3.7 folds). A significant improvement in the antimicrobial activity was achieved against Escherichia coli with respect to Staphylococcus aureus with the hybrid nanoparticles. They also exhibited better activity in the tested cell line. On the basis of the study results, hybrid nanoparticles of Naringin are an alternative oral delivery method for treating cancer cells.