Overview of the current standards in rectal carcinoma treatment

Rectal carcinoma is a significant global health burden. Continue advancement in the diagnosis, staging and treatment is accounting for improve patient outcome. This paper provides an in-depth review of current standards in rectal carcinoma management. It covers epidemiology, diagnostic approaches, staging, multi-modal treatment approaches, surgical techniques, chemoradiotherapy and emerging therapeutic options. Furthermore, it includes role of personalized medicine, advances in surgical techniques and the importance of multidisciplinary team in improving the outcomes. The review concludes by emphasizing the need for continuing research to refine treatment protocols to increase patient survival and quality of life.