Optimized synthesis of mono and bimetallic nanoparticles mediated by unicellular algal (diatom) and its efficiency to degrade azo dyes for wastewater treatment

The silver/palladium nanoparticles (Ag/Pd NPs) were efficiently absorb UV–Visible light and reveal greater photocatalytic activity as compared to monometallic NPs. The aim of this study is photodegradation of the industrial azo dye using bimetallic Ag/Pd NPs and monometallic Ag NPs in presence of UV light for wastewater treatment. Bacillariophyceae (diatom) algae extract was utilized for the green synthesized Ag and Ag/Pd NPs. Biosynthesized nanoparticles were characterized by various useful characterization techniques viz. UV–Vis, FT-IR, SEM, TEM, and XRD. The crystallite size is found to be ∼23 nm and ∼56 nm for Ag NPs and Ag/Pd NPs, respectively, which is same as results obtained from TEM analysis, as the particle size and shape were analyzed as ∼27 and ∼56 nm, with a spherical geometry. The NPs was used to develop the optimization parameters for dye degradation such as time, temperature, and NP concentrations. A total 15 runs were considered for the study and procured by statistical software. Response surface methodology technique was implied and Box-Behnken design (BBD) design was built into the workflow. The results of the present study manifested a good connection between experimental and predicted values (R² = 0.9838). Therefore, present study promises that the prepared NPs possess excellent photocatalytic activity against harmful dyes.