Numerical development for freezing of phase change material loading nanoparticles for improving water treatment

The container with a wavy insulated wall and one branch shaped fin has been applied in this study. The process of freezing was simulated based on implicit way via Galerkin approach. The testing material is a mixture of H₂O and nano-powders of alumina. The fraction of additives is less than the critical value for assumption of single phase mixture. Verification test has demonstrated the correctness of the modeling procedure. The utilizing denser mesh close the region of ice front makes the accuracy of modeling to increase. Owing to the negligible speed of liquid water, the associated terms in governing equations have been discarded. Regarding the utilized diameter of alumina, dp = 40 nm is the best option which leads to a lower period of freezing. With dispersing alumina with optimum size, the solidification time declines about 41.22 %.