Metal-organic framework/MXene nanohybrid composites as an emerging electrochemical sensing platform for food safety and biomedical monitoring: From synthesis to application

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are created through the self-assembly process of metal ions or clusters with organic linkers. These materials have attracted important interest owing to their advantageous features, comprising abundant pore structures, ultrahigh porosity, and well-exposed active sites. However, some traditional MOFs have limitations in terms of low stability and conductivity. Despite significant endeavors to enhance the stability of MOF materials, limited advancement has prompted researchers to concentrate on the development of hybrid materials. MXenes, a group of 2D transition-metal compounds comprising nitrides, carbides, and carbonitrides, are recognized for their diverse composition and their ability to form various buildings with rich surface chemistry. The hybridization of MOFs with functional MXene layered could be advantageous if the host structure offers suitable interactions to enhance and stabilize the desired features. Current research has concentrated on incorporating MXenes and MOFs to generate nanohybrid materials with boosted electrochemical features, thus broadening the scope for new applications. This review explores potential design approaches for MXene@MOF nanohybrids, the tunable characteristics of the resulting hybrids, and their use in electrochemical sensing platforms for food safety and biomedical monitoring. Finally, the authors discuss the challenges and future opportunities of MOF@MXene-derived nanocomposites.