Malaysia energy outlook from 1990 to 2050 for sustainability: Business-as-usual and Alternative-policy Scenarios based economic projections with AI based experiments

Energy-outlook from past to future specific years has become essential in energy-economy. Malaysia is a member of ASEAN (Association of South-east Asian Nations), and ASEAN is increasing the use of renewable energy by 2050 to reduce carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions. Coal is Malaysia's primary fossil fuel for energy generation, producing large amounts of CO₂ and exacerbating greenhouse problems, including air pollution. Moreover, renewable energy capacity has increased significantly worldwide since 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, this study provides an energy-outlook study from 1990 to 2050 as a rationale for Malaysia's emphasis on sustainable energy in the post-COVID-19 years, which has been felt to be absent in previous studies. Here, past data as well as projections of future coal trade, hydropower growth, electricity consumption, renewable energy consumption, and CO₂ emissions are shown. An energy-outlook procedure is explored by reviewing the literature to derive data visualizations and projections. Business-as-usual (BAU) and Alternative-policy Scenarios (APS) methods have been used for projections. The article prioritizes coal since coal is the main fossil fuel for electricity generation in Malaysia. The study observed a significant increase in CO₂ emissions with increasing energy demand in Malaysia, which is a concern, and the article emphasized the importance of renewable energy in mitigating CO₂ emissions. Finally, Long-short-term memory (LSTM) has been used as an initial experiment on how Artificial Intelligence (AI) can be used in the energy outlook study, which indicates the research scope of AI.