Laser cladding of IN625 superalloy assisted by hybrid ultrasonic-electromagnetic field

In this research, the effect of external electromagnetic and ultrasonic fields was used individually and simultaneously, when the GTD-111 superalloy laser was coated with IN625 powder. The results showed that the application of external fields increases the area of the equiaxed region due to the decrease in a temperature gradient, the creation of heterogeneous nucleation sites, and the dynamic forces that cause the columnar grains to be crushed. In addition, the tendency to form pores is reduced when magnetic and ultrasonic forces are used simultaneously. The average micro-hardness and tensile strength of the cladding layer also increased by 61% and 36%, respectively, when in conditions without and using hybrid external fields.