TY - JOUR
T1 - Innate Immune Response Assessment in Cyprinus carpio L. upon Experimental Administration with Artemia salina Bio-Encapsulated Aeromonas hydrophila Bacterin
AU - Radhakrishnan, Akshaya
AU - Prabakaran, D. S.
AU - Ramesh, Thiyagarajan
AU - Sakthivel, Ramalingam
AU - Ramasamy, Kavikumar
AU - Han, Hyo Shim
AU - Jeyachandran, Sivakamavalli
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 by the authors.
PY - 2023/4
Y1 - 2023/4
N2 - The present study aimed to analyze the enhancement of innate immune responses in juvenile-stage common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.), upon the administration of heat-killed Aeromonas hydrophila at a dosage of 1 × 107 CFU ml−1 through bio-encapsulation in the aquatic crustacean, Artemia salina. This work emphasizes the modulation of innate immune response when administered with the bio-encapsulated heat-killed antigen that acts as an inactivated vaccine against Motile Aeromonas Septicemia disease. Bio-encapsulated oral administration of antigens promotes innate immunity in juvenile-stage fishes. The optimization of effective bio-encapsulation of bacterin in Artemia salina nauplii was carried out and the best optimal conditions were chosen for immunization. The functional immune parameters such as myeloperoxidase, lysozyme, alkaline phosphatase, antiprotease and respiratory burst activity in serum, blood and intestinal tissue samples were analyzed along with blood differential leukocyte count and tissue histopathology studies. Both humoral and cellular immune responses analyzed were substantially induced or enhanced in the treatment groups in comparison with the control group. The results showed a significant variation in the bio-encapsulation group than the control group and also were comparable to the protection conferred with immersion route immunization under similar conditions. Thus, most of the innate non-specific immune responses are inducible, despite being constitutive of the fish immune system, to exhibit a basal level of protection and a road to better vaccination strategy in Cyprinus carpio L. aquaculture worldwide.
AB - The present study aimed to analyze the enhancement of innate immune responses in juvenile-stage common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.), upon the administration of heat-killed Aeromonas hydrophila at a dosage of 1 × 107 CFU ml−1 through bio-encapsulation in the aquatic crustacean, Artemia salina. This work emphasizes the modulation of innate immune response when administered with the bio-encapsulated heat-killed antigen that acts as an inactivated vaccine against Motile Aeromonas Septicemia disease. Bio-encapsulated oral administration of antigens promotes innate immunity in juvenile-stage fishes. The optimization of effective bio-encapsulation of bacterin in Artemia salina nauplii was carried out and the best optimal conditions were chosen for immunization. The functional immune parameters such as myeloperoxidase, lysozyme, alkaline phosphatase, antiprotease and respiratory burst activity in serum, blood and intestinal tissue samples were analyzed along with blood differential leukocyte count and tissue histopathology studies. Both humoral and cellular immune responses analyzed were substantially induced or enhanced in the treatment groups in comparison with the control group. The results showed a significant variation in the bio-encapsulation group than the control group and also were comparable to the protection conferred with immersion route immunization under similar conditions. Thus, most of the innate non-specific immune responses are inducible, despite being constitutive of the fish immune system, to exhibit a basal level of protection and a road to better vaccination strategy in Cyprinus carpio L. aquaculture worldwide.
KW - Aeromonas hydrophila
KW - Artemia salina
KW - bio-encapsulation
KW - Cyprinus carpioL
KW - inactivated vaccine
KW - innate immunity
KW - Motile Aeromonas Septicemia
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85153739717&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/vaccines11040877
DO - 10.3390/vaccines11040877
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85153739717
SN - 2076-393X
VL - 11
JO - Vaccines
JF - Vaccines
IS - 4
M1 - 877
ER -
