Improving PVT module efficiency with helical tape and magnetic cooling under dust deposition

This study explores the innovative integration of a conical helical tape within the duct of a PVT (photovoltaic-thermal) module, coupled with a TEG (thermoelectric generator) layer. The research evaluates the influence of magnetic forces on system performance, particularly in relation to dust accumulation. Key parameters analyzed include the Hartmann number (Ha), nanoparticle concentration (φ), and dust deposition (W_d), along with their impact on efficiency metrics (η_PV, η_TEG, and η_th). Findings reveal that dust accumulation contributes to panel cooling, thereby improving PV efficiency. The introduction of a magnetic field further enhances cooling, leading to better PV performance. However, as Ha and W_d increase, TEG efficiency declines. Specifically, η_PV decreases by 26.93 % due to increased W_d, while η_TEG and η_th drop by 17.45 % and 9.78 %, respectively. In dust-free conditions, a rise in Ha results in reductions of η_TEG and ηth by up to 8.21 % and 2.91 %. Additionally, a higher Ha reduces PV temperature and improves temperature uniformity by approximately 5.56 % in dusty conditions and 4.89 % without dust, though its effectiveness diminishes as W_d increases. The incorporation of nanoparticles into the cooling water enhances all efficiency parameters. For a velocity of V_in = 0.02, increasing Ha leads to efficiency improvements of approximately 0.33 %, 9.07 %, and 3.7 % for η_PV, η_TEG, and η_th, respectively. In the absence of the Lorentz force, a rise in V_in results in efficiency gains of about 2.12 %, 74.29 %, and 23.34 % for η_PV, η_TEG, and η_th, respectively.