Hydrothermal behavior of micro-polar Nano-Encapsulated phase change materials (NEPCMs) in an inclined L-shaped cavity

This paper investigates natural convection and entropy generation of the Nano-Encapsulated phase change materials (NEPCMs) in an inclined L-shaped cavity. The NEPCMs are made up of core and shell in which the PCMs are the core section that are capsulated in Nano-shells. These NEPCM particles go through phase change from solid to the liquid while absorbing the heat and release it when their phase changes back to solid. The Navier-Stokes equations are solved by Finite Element Method (FEM) to simulate the behavior of NEPCMs under a set of defined boundary conditions. The effect of Rayleigh number (10⁴-10⁶), micro-rotation parameter (0-2), Nano particle's concentration (0.01-0.05), Stefan number (0.1-0.5), and non-dimensional fusion temperature (0.1-0.3) on the Nusselt number and entropy generation of the fluid flow is also analyzed. The results reveal that the Stefan number, micro-rotation parameter, and non-dimensional fusion temperature have a negative impact on NC heat transfer of NEPCMs and reduce the Nu_avgup to 25%, 42%, and 15% respectively. Conversely, the nanoparticle concentration enhances the Nu_avgup to 36%.