Heat transport mechanism in Cu/water and (Cu–Al₂O₃)/water under the influence of thermophysical characteristics and non-linear thermal radiation for Blasius/Sakiadis models: Numerical investigation

Investigation of nano and hybrid nanofluids regarding rich heat transfer is a topic of potential interest in the present time. Many engineering and industrial purposes demand huge amount of heat to accomplish the various industrial processes. Therefore, comparative heat transfer in Cu/water and (Cu–Al₂O₃)/water is examined in this study. The problem is formulated for Blasius and Sakiadis situations by exercising similarity variable and effective thermophysical models of hybrid nanofluids. The results furnished under varying flow parameters and discussed deeply. From deep analysis, it is analyzed that nonlinear thermal radiations potentially upsurges the heat transfer in (Cu–Al₂O₃)/water. The temperature coefficient θ_w for 0.1,0.4,0.8,1.2 significantly uplift the temperature for both nanofluids. Further, dominant shear stresses observed for Blasius's case whereas; local Nusselt rises rapidly for Sakiadis case against θ_w,Rd,φ₁(20%) and φ₂(7%,14%). Finally, it is observed that heat transfer in the base solvents can be enriched by hybridization of two types of nanoparticles.