Heat and mass transmission for hybrid nanofluid flow in rotating system: effects of microorganism motility

This research paper explores the magnetohydrodynamic flow of graphene oxide and metal oxide-based hybrid nanofluids in a permeable rotating system, emphasizing the interplay of thermal radiation, microorganism motility, and other flow parameters. Using Cu/Al₂O₃–H₂O and GO/MO–EG (ethylene glycol) hybrid nanofluids, we explore the effects of magnetic fields, inclination angle, and porous media on velocity, thermal, solutal, and motile microorganism profiles. The governing nonlinear partial differential equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations and solved numerically via MATLAB’s bvp4c solver. The results reveal that the magnetic field suppresses the primary velocity due to the Lorentz force, while rotation enhances secondary velocity through Coriolis effects. The thermal radiation parameter significantly increases temperature distribution, while a higher Prandtl number reduces thermal diffusion. Reynolds number and porous media parameters impact flow stability, thinning the boundary layer and reducing velocity profiles. Thermophoresis and Lewis number amplify nanoparticle and solute transport, enhancing heat and mass transfer efficiency. Additionally, microorganism motility is influenced by Schmidt, thermophoresis, and Peclet numbers, highlighting its role in bioconvective heat and mass transfer. Comparative analyses indicate that Cu/Al₂O₃–H₂O hybrid nanofluid outperforms GO/MO–EG in thermal conductivity and overall heat transfer efficiency, while GO/MO–EG demonstrates better mass transfer characteristics.