Gradual replacement of Ca2+ with Mg2+ ions in brushite for the production of Ca1−x mgx hpo4·nh2 o materials

Mazen Alshaaer; Khalil Issa; Abdulaziz Alanazi; Saida Abu Mallouh; Ahmed S. Afify; Moustapha E. Moustapha; Kostas Komnitsas

doi:10.3390/min11030284

Gradual replacement of Ca²⁺ with Mg²⁺ ions in brushite for the production of Ca_1−x mg_x hpo₄·nh₂ o materials

Mazen Alshaaer, Khalil Issa, Abdulaziz Alanazi, Saida Abu Mallouh, Ahmed S. Afify, Moustapha E. Moustapha, Kostas Komnitsas

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

7 Scopus citations

Abstract

The present study investigates the gradual replacement of Ca²⁺ with Mg²⁺ ions in brushite (CaHPO₄·2H₂ O). To date, this approach has not been systematically explored and may prove benefi-cial for the production of Ca_1−x Mg_x HPO₄·nH₂ O materials with tailored properties which are suitable for environmental and medical applications. For their production, solutions of sodium dihydrogen orthophosphate dehydrate, NaH₂ PO₄·2H₂ O, calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, Ca(NO₃)₂·4H₂ O, magnesium nitrate hexahydrate, Mg(NO₃)₂·6H₂ O and ammonium hydroxide solution, NH₄ OH, were used. At low Mg/Ca molar ratios (up to 0.25) in the starting solution, partial replacement of Ca with Mg takes place (Mg doping) but no struvite is produced as discrete phase. When the Mg/Ca molar ratio increases gradually to 1.5, in addition to Mg-doped brushite, struvite, NH₄ MgPO₄·6H₂ O, precipitates. The microstructure of the materials produced for different degrees of Ca replacement with Mg has been analyzed in depth with the use of powdered XRD (X-ray diffraction), XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy), thermogravimetric (TG) analysis and SEM (scanning electron microscopy). The results of this study prove that the Mg/Ca ratio in the starting solution can be monitored in such a way that materials with tailored composition are obtained.

Original language	English
Article number	284
Pages (from-to)	1-14
Number of pages	14
Journal	Minerals
Volume	11
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/min11030284
State	Published - Mar 2021

Keywords

Biomaterials
Brushite
Crystal growth
Struvite
XPS

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10.3390/min11030284

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title = "Gradual replacement of Ca2+ with Mg2+ ions in brushite for the production of Ca1−x mgx hpo4·nh2 o materials",

abstract = "The present study investigates the gradual replacement of Ca2+ with Mg2+ ions in brushite (CaHPO4·2H2 O). To date, this approach has not been systematically explored and may prove benefi-cial for the production of Ca1−x Mgx HPO4·nH2 O materials with tailored properties which are suitable for environmental and medical applications. For their production, solutions of sodium dihydrogen orthophosphate dehydrate, NaH2 PO4·2H2 O, calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, Ca(NO3)2·4H2 O, magnesium nitrate hexahydrate, Mg(NO3)2·6H2 O and ammonium hydroxide solution, NH4 OH, were used. At low Mg/Ca molar ratios (up to 0.25) in the starting solution, partial replacement of Ca with Mg takes place (Mg doping) but no struvite is produced as discrete phase. When the Mg/Ca molar ratio increases gradually to 1.5, in addition to Mg-doped brushite, struvite, NH4 MgPO4·6H2 O, precipitates. The microstructure of the materials produced for different degrees of Ca replacement with Mg has been analyzed in depth with the use of powdered XRD (X-ray diffraction), XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy), thermogravimetric (TG) analysis and SEM (scanning electron microscopy). The results of this study prove that the Mg/Ca ratio in the starting solution can be monitored in such a way that materials with tailored composition are obtained.",

keywords = "Biomaterials, Brushite, Crystal growth, Struvite, XPS",

author = "Mazen Alshaaer and Khalil Issa and Abdulaziz Alanazi and Mallouh, \{Saida Abu\} and Afify, \{Ahmed S.\} and Moustapha, \{Moustapha E.\} and Kostas Komnitsas",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.",

year = "2021",

month = mar,

doi = "10.3390/min11030284",

language = "English",

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journal = "Minerals",

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T1 - Gradual replacement of Ca2+ with Mg2+ ions in brushite for the production of Ca1−x mgx hpo4·nh2 o materials

AU - Alshaaer, Mazen

AU - Issa, Khalil

AU - Alanazi, Abdulaziz

AU - Mallouh, Saida Abu

AU - Afify, Ahmed S.

AU - Moustapha, Moustapha E.

AU - Komnitsas, Kostas

PY - 2021/3

Y1 - 2021/3

N2 - The present study investigates the gradual replacement of Ca2+ with Mg2+ ions in brushite (CaHPO4·2H2 O). To date, this approach has not been systematically explored and may prove benefi-cial for the production of Ca1−x Mgx HPO4·nH2 O materials with tailored properties which are suitable for environmental and medical applications. For their production, solutions of sodium dihydrogen orthophosphate dehydrate, NaH2 PO4·2H2 O, calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, Ca(NO3)2·4H2 O, magnesium nitrate hexahydrate, Mg(NO3)2·6H2 O and ammonium hydroxide solution, NH4 OH, were used. At low Mg/Ca molar ratios (up to 0.25) in the starting solution, partial replacement of Ca with Mg takes place (Mg doping) but no struvite is produced as discrete phase. When the Mg/Ca molar ratio increases gradually to 1.5, in addition to Mg-doped brushite, struvite, NH4 MgPO4·6H2 O, precipitates. The microstructure of the materials produced for different degrees of Ca replacement with Mg has been analyzed in depth with the use of powdered XRD (X-ray diffraction), XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy), thermogravimetric (TG) analysis and SEM (scanning electron microscopy). The results of this study prove that the Mg/Ca ratio in the starting solution can be monitored in such a way that materials with tailored composition are obtained.

AB - The present study investigates the gradual replacement of Ca2+ with Mg2+ ions in brushite (CaHPO4·2H2 O). To date, this approach has not been systematically explored and may prove benefi-cial for the production of Ca1−x Mgx HPO4·nH2 O materials with tailored properties which are suitable for environmental and medical applications. For their production, solutions of sodium dihydrogen orthophosphate dehydrate, NaH2 PO4·2H2 O, calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, Ca(NO3)2·4H2 O, magnesium nitrate hexahydrate, Mg(NO3)2·6H2 O and ammonium hydroxide solution, NH4 OH, were used. At low Mg/Ca molar ratios (up to 0.25) in the starting solution, partial replacement of Ca with Mg takes place (Mg doping) but no struvite is produced as discrete phase. When the Mg/Ca molar ratio increases gradually to 1.5, in addition to Mg-doped brushite, struvite, NH4 MgPO4·6H2 O, precipitates. The microstructure of the materials produced for different degrees of Ca replacement with Mg has been analyzed in depth with the use of powdered XRD (X-ray diffraction), XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy), thermogravimetric (TG) analysis and SEM (scanning electron microscopy). The results of this study prove that the Mg/Ca ratio in the starting solution can be monitored in such a way that materials with tailored composition are obtained.

KW - Biomaterials

KW - Brushite

KW - Crystal growth

KW - Struvite

KW - XPS

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DO - 10.3390/min11030284

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85104275420

SN - 2075-163X

VL - 11

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JO - Minerals

JF - Minerals

IS - 3

M1 - 284

ER -

Gradual replacement of Ca²⁺ with Mg²⁺ ions in brushite for the production of Ca_1−x mg_x hpo₄·nh₂ o materials

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Keywords

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