FeS₂ and WO₃ nanoparticles decorated on biochar as a high throughput electrode for supercapacitors

The need for cutting-edge energy storage technologies, such as supercapacitors, has been enhanced tremendously to meet the demands of the growing population and depleting fossil fuel reserves. Herein, we reported the synthesis of FeS₂ and WO₃ nanoparticles decorated on the biochar derived from peanut shells using a facile ultrasonication approach. SEM, TEM, XPS, XRD, FTIR and N₂ adsorption–desorption isotherms characterized the structural and physical properties of the as-synthesized materials. BET analysis revealed a specific surface area of 259.87 m² g^—1 for the ternary composite, which serves as a better foundation for transmitting ions and electrons. The composite material derives its advantages from the synergistic effect of biochar’s high electronic conductivity and the better capacity retention of FeS₂ and WO₃ nanoparticles. The ternary composite exhibits excellent electrochemical performance when used as the electrode material for supercapacitors. It offers a high specific capacitance of 319.96 F g^—1 at a current density of 1.0 A g^—1 and an impressive rate capability, maintaining 82.93% of its initial performance at a current density of 6 A g^—1, even after 1000 cycles. Preparing biochar/FeS₂/WO₃ material with improved electrochemical properties offers a viable pathway for advancing its utilization in supercapacitor applications.