Facile hydrothermal synthesis of glutamine-assisted tin oxide nanorods for efficient photocatalytic degradation of crystal violet dye

Glutamine-assisted SnO₂ nanorods with an average crystallite size of 48.38 nm were facilely fabricated using the hydrothermal procedure. Also, the fabricated sample was characterised using XRD, FT-IR, FE-SEM, HR-TEM, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The glutamine deeply influences the crystallite size and morphology of the fabricated SnO₂. Moreover, the UV–Vis shows a broad absorption spreading into the visible light region. Furthermore, depend on Tauc’s plot, the optical energy gap of the fabricated sample is 2.85 eV. Besides, the photocatalytic activity of the fabricated sample was examined by observing the degradation of crystal violet dye under visible light irradiation. The photodegradation efficiency of crystal violet dye over glutamine-assisted tin oxide nanorods is 97.38% within 60 min. Additionally, the fabricated photocatalyst is characterised by the reusability for several times without losing its efficacy.