Fabrication of Bioactive and Biodegradable Three-Dimensional Scaffold Based on Collagen Incorporated with Coenzyme Q10 to Enhance Full‑Thickness Wound Healing in Diabetic Rats

Introduction: In clinical settings, there is a need for novel wound healing methods to address full thickness wounds, particularly in individuals with diabetes. In this research, we investigated whether bioactive and biodegradable collagen-based scaffolds (CoSca) incorporated with coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) could improve healing in diabetic rats. Material and methods: A total of sixty diabetic rats were randomly assigned to the control group, CoSca group, CoQ10 group, and CoSca+CoQ10 group. Sampling occurred on days 4, 8, and 12 for further assessments. Results: Our results indicated that the speed of wound contraction, wound strength score, number of fibroblasts and blood vessels, collagen density, antioxidative factor levels (TAC and GPx), hydroxyproline levels, and concentration levels of TGF-β and VEGF were markedly greater in the treatment groups than in the control group, with these alterations being especially prominent in the CoSca+CoQ10 group (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the numbers of neutrophils, along with the concentration levels of TNF-α and IL-1β, as well as the levels of an oxidative factor (MDA), decreased more considerably in the CoSca+CoQ10 group when compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). Conclusions: In summary, it was observed that the pairing of CoSca and CoQ10 greatly improves wound healing in diabetics.