Evaluation of the Abrasive Effect of Different Types of Toothbrushes on Enamel Surface: An In Vitro Study

Aim: The aim of the current study was to assess the abrasive effect of three different types of toothbrushes on enamel surfaces. Materials and methods: Sixty recently extracted mandibular premolar teeth for orthodontic reasons were randomly divided into three groups—group I: the samples brushed with a manual toothbrush, group II: the samples brushed with a multidirectional-powered toothbrush, and group III: the samples brushed with a sonic-powered toothbrush. A specially designed brushing apparatus was developed. The tension of the spring was adjusted to 90 ± 10 gm using a dontrix gauge. For 2 weeks, a single sample was brushed twice a day for 2 minutes each time. A profilometer was used to assess the mean surface loss. Roughness average (Ra) values were computed before brushing and after 2 weeks of brushing, and they were then statistically evaluated. Results: The maximum surface roughness was found in group I (22.38 ± 1.86), followed by group III (19.04 ± 2.32), and least in group II (17.14 ± 1.20). There was a statistically significant difference found between group I vs group II and group I vs group III, with a mean difference of 5.24 and 3.34, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between group II vs group III. Conclusion: In conclusion, surface roughness was noticed in all toothbrushes that were utilized in the present investigation. However, when compared to the manual and sonic-powered toothbrush groups, the multidirectional-powered toothbrush group had the least amount of surface roughness. Clinical significance: The three most common conditions affecting the oral cavity are gingivitis, periodontal disease, and dental caries. The primary cause of these dental conditions is plaque. For the preservation of dental and oral health, plaque reduction is crucial. One very common tool for controlling plaque is the toothbrush. There are numerous toothbrushes on the market that are designed to remove plaque. Toothbrushes are a major factor in the development of tooth wear because they create abrasion.