Entropy optimization of non-Newtonian nanofluid natural convection in an inclined U-shaped domain with a hot tree-like baffle inside and considering exothermic reaction

Background: Non-Newtonian fluids with properties differing from those of Newtonian fluids have been concerned due to their wide range of applications in industry and engineering. Natural convection may play a crucial role in numerous industrial manufacturing processes. In addition, TiO₂-water nanofluid exhibits better performance owing to their high thermal conductivity, low cost, and dielectric properties. Further, baffles can be utilized to ameliorate heat transfer in the system concern. The second law inspection may be substantial so as to examine the entropy optimization's role in diverse thermic systems. Aim: With regard to such advantages, the present article dissects natural convection and entropy production of non-Newtonian TiO₂-water nanofluid inside an inclined U-shaped domain subject to a hot tree-like baffle at bottom wall and exothermic reaction. Method: The FEM is instrumental for obtaining apposite solution of the non-dimensional governing equations. Novelty: Power-law (Ostwald-de Waele) nanofluid flow subject to hot tree-like baffle and Arrhenius kinetics in an inclined U-shaped domain is regarded as a novelty of the present investigation. Findings: Enhancing Frank-Kamenetski number amplifies streamlines (6.25%), horizontal velocity (5.086%), and vertical velocity (6.73%). Augmented Rayleigh number emaciates Bejan number by 75% while that of cavity angle from 45⁰to 90⁰ amplify significantly by 494.14%.