TY - JOUR
T1 - Enhanced photocatalytic and antimicrobial properties of titanium doped tin dioxide quantum dots for industrial wastewater treatment
AU - Azzam, Maged M.
AU - Labib, Ammar A.
AU - Mousa, Hanan A.
AU - Handal, Hala T.
AU - Galal, Hoda R.
AU - Ibrahem, Ibrahem A.
AU - Fawzy, Mona M.
AU - El-Beih, Ahmed Atef
AU - Alam, Pravej
AU - Mohamed, Walied A.A.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2025 The Society of Powder Technology Japan
PY - 2025/7
Y1 - 2025/7
N2 - Pure SnO2 quantum dots (SnQ) and Ti-doped SnO2 quantum dots (SnQT) were synthesized via a facile one-step hydrothermal method (ESOSH) and characterized their structures and properties (XRD, FTIR, HRTEM, UV-DRS). The SnQ samples (thermally treated at 290 °C and 490 °C as SnQ1 and SnQ2, respectively) had crystalline sizes of ∼ 4 nm and ∼ 9 nm, serving as baseline materials, while titanium incorporation (Sn0.97Ti0.03O2 and Sn0.93Ti0.07O2 for SnQT1 and SnQT2) modulated the SnO2 lattice without introducing secondary phases. Ti doping substantially enhanced the optical and catalytic performance: SnQT1 exhibited a narrowed band gap (∼3.3 eV) and achieved the highest photocatalytic activity, degrading a model organic dye under simulated sunlight at a rate significantly faster than both the undoped SnQ and the higher-doped SnQT2 catalysts. SnQT1′s dye degradation rate constant was roughly three times that of SnQT2, highlighting the improved charge-carrier separation and extended light absorption due to Ti dopingfile-dhfkdtnsslcarpbj5mucvs. SnQT1 was also the most cost-efficient catalyst, with an estimated treatment cost of $25.67 per 1000 m3 of dye solution, outperforming the other compositions in economic analysis. Moreover, Ti-doped samples demonstrated superior antimicrobial efficacy: all catalysts inhibited Bacillus subtilis (Gram-positive) and Candida albicans (yeast), with SnQT1 showing the strongest antibacterial activity. This study underscores that titanium doping in SnO2 quantum dots yields doped quantum-dot photocatalysts with superior performance, providing valuable insights for designing high-efficiency, sustainable nanomaterials for wastewater treatment and disinfection applications.
AB - Pure SnO2 quantum dots (SnQ) and Ti-doped SnO2 quantum dots (SnQT) were synthesized via a facile one-step hydrothermal method (ESOSH) and characterized their structures and properties (XRD, FTIR, HRTEM, UV-DRS). The SnQ samples (thermally treated at 290 °C and 490 °C as SnQ1 and SnQ2, respectively) had crystalline sizes of ∼ 4 nm and ∼ 9 nm, serving as baseline materials, while titanium incorporation (Sn0.97Ti0.03O2 and Sn0.93Ti0.07O2 for SnQT1 and SnQT2) modulated the SnO2 lattice without introducing secondary phases. Ti doping substantially enhanced the optical and catalytic performance: SnQT1 exhibited a narrowed band gap (∼3.3 eV) and achieved the highest photocatalytic activity, degrading a model organic dye under simulated sunlight at a rate significantly faster than both the undoped SnQ and the higher-doped SnQT2 catalysts. SnQT1′s dye degradation rate constant was roughly three times that of SnQT2, highlighting the improved charge-carrier separation and extended light absorption due to Ti dopingfile-dhfkdtnsslcarpbj5mucvs. SnQT1 was also the most cost-efficient catalyst, with an estimated treatment cost of $25.67 per 1000 m3 of dye solution, outperforming the other compositions in economic analysis. Moreover, Ti-doped samples demonstrated superior antimicrobial efficacy: all catalysts inhibited Bacillus subtilis (Gram-positive) and Candida albicans (yeast), with SnQT1 showing the strongest antibacterial activity. This study underscores that titanium doping in SnO2 quantum dots yields doped quantum-dot photocatalysts with superior performance, providing valuable insights for designing high-efficiency, sustainable nanomaterials for wastewater treatment and disinfection applications.
KW - Antimicrobial activity
KW - Breakdown financial cost
KW - Industrial organic pollutants
KW - Recycling process
KW - SnO quantum dots
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=105004382332&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.apt.2025.104915
DO - 10.1016/j.apt.2025.104915
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:105004382332
SN - 0921-8831
VL - 36
JO - Advanced Powder Technology
JF - Advanced Powder Technology
IS - 7
M1 - 104915
ER -
