Enhanced electrical conductivity, dielectric properties, and thermal stability of polyvinyl alcohol filled by bismuth oxide and iron oxide for advanced dielectric applications

This study investigates the structural, thermal, optical, dielectric, and electrical characterization of PVA nanocomposites enhanced with bismuth oxide (Bi₂O₃) and iron oxide (Fe₂O₃) nanoparticles. The incorporation of Fe₂O₃ into the nanocomposites resulted in distinct X-ray diffraction (XRD) peaks consistent with JCPDS file No. 10-0336, demonstrating successful nanoparticle dispersion. Thermal analysis, exhibited a substantial enhancement in thermal stability with the addition of Bi₂O₃ and Fe₂O₃. The nanocomposites exhibited reduced weight loss and a higher residual mass at approximately 600 °C compared to pure PVA, indicating superior thermal resistance. Optical absorption spectra revealed a reduction in absorbance and a slight red-shift of the primary absorption bands, assigned to interaction between the nanofillers and the pure PVA. Electrical conductivity measurements showed a remarkable increase in ac conductivity (σ_ac) with higher Fe₂O₃ content, demonstrating the potential of these nanocomposites for electronic applications. Dielectric studies revealed an increase in the dielectric constant (ε') and a decrease in dielectric loss (ε'') with the addition of the nanofillers, making these materials suitable for a range of applications requiring both high thermal stability and efficient electrical properties, such as in electronic devices, packaging, and other industrial sectors. The findings emphasize the role of Bi₂O₃ and Fe₂O₃ as effective dopants for enhancing the multifunctional properties of PVA, paving the way for their use in high-performance, temperature-resistant materials.