Enhanced efficiency of mono-crystalline Si solar cells utilizing RF sputtered TiO₂–Al₂O₃ blended anti-reflection coating for optimal sunlight transmission and energy conversion

Currently, surface reflection of incident sunrays over solar cells results in degradation of output performance of the solar cells. This can be sorted out using an antireflection coating. In this investigation, ARC materials such as Titanium dioxide (TiO₂), Aluminium oxide (Al₂O₃) and blended TiO₂– Al₂O₃ were utilized over the mono-crystalline Si (m-Si) solar cells. The ARCs for m-Si solar cell was coated using RF sputtering method. The optical, structural, electrical, I–V characteristics and temperature behavior of solar cell samples with coating and bare cells were studied. The elemental analysis was carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD) method. The morphological study was conducted using High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM) and Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). The electrical resistivity was measured in dark at room temperature using four-point probe technique. Optical characteristics was determined using UV–visible spectroscopy. It was discovered that the TiO₂– Al₂O₃blend coated cell (I3) shows great performance than the other coatings. I3 solar cell demonstrated high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.42 % and 20.16 %, when exposed to direct sunlight and neodymium radiation in both open and controlled environments. The findings indicate that TiO₂– Al₂O₃blends are a suitable material for ARC applications, since they effectively reduce the incident photons scattering.