TY - JOUR
T1 - Effects of NO modulators and antioxidants on endocrine and cellular markers in rats under repetitive restraint stress
AU - Pal, Giridhari
AU - Anwer, Khalid
AU - Alshetaili, Abdullah
AU - Jena, Jyotirmoyee
AU - Sehgal, Aayush
AU - Singh, Sukhbir
AU - Sharma, Neelam
AU - Sharma, Aditi
AU - Al-Brakati, Ashraf
AU - Bungau, Simona
AU - Behl, Tapan
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
PY - 2022/2
Y1 - 2022/2
N2 - The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of NO modulators and antioxidant treatments on endocrine (plasma corticosterone), cellular (heat shock protein 70 [HSP-70] and nuclear factor κB [NF-κB]), and oxidative stress markers in repetitively stressed rats. Repetitive (restraint) stress (RS 1hr/day × 21 days) enhanced the levels of cellular and endocrine stress markers in the rat blood and altered pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance differentially in the control and test groups. Exposure to repetitive RS enhanced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, lowered reduced glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels as well as nitric oxide (NOx) levels. NO precursor L-arginine and NO synthase inhibitors were found to differentially modulate stress-induced mechanism in altering NF-κB, HSP-70, and corticosterone levels. The antioxidant L-ascorbic acid (L-AA) significantly suppressed RS(×21)-induced elevation of NF-κB and HSP-70 levels, depicting protective effects, as also evidenced by reversal of elevated corticosterone levels. The results suggest that NO modulators and antioxidants differentially influence repetitive stress-induced changes in endocrine and cellular markers, and the complex interaction between NO and cellular markers like HSP70 and NF-κB plays a crucial modulatory role in this phenomenon.
AB - The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of NO modulators and antioxidant treatments on endocrine (plasma corticosterone), cellular (heat shock protein 70 [HSP-70] and nuclear factor κB [NF-κB]), and oxidative stress markers in repetitively stressed rats. Repetitive (restraint) stress (RS 1hr/day × 21 days) enhanced the levels of cellular and endocrine stress markers in the rat blood and altered pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance differentially in the control and test groups. Exposure to repetitive RS enhanced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, lowered reduced glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels as well as nitric oxide (NOx) levels. NO precursor L-arginine and NO synthase inhibitors were found to differentially modulate stress-induced mechanism in altering NF-κB, HSP-70, and corticosterone levels. The antioxidant L-ascorbic acid (L-AA) significantly suppressed RS(×21)-induced elevation of NF-κB and HSP-70 levels, depicting protective effects, as also evidenced by reversal of elevated corticosterone levels. The results suggest that NO modulators and antioxidants differentially influence repetitive stress-induced changes in endocrine and cellular markers, and the complex interaction between NO and cellular markers like HSP70 and NF-κB plays a crucial modulatory role in this phenomenon.
KW - Corticosterone
KW - NF-κB
KW - NO modulators
KW - Restraint stress
KW - Stress markers
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85115623289&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s11356-021-16592-6
DO - 10.1007/s11356-021-16592-6
M3 - Article
C2 - 34561803
AN - SCOPUS:85115623289
SN - 0944-1344
VL - 29
SP - 12043
EP - 12053
JO - Environmental Science and Pollution Research
JF - Environmental Science and Pollution Research
IS - 8
ER -