TY - GEN
T1 - Effect of Silica Fume, Eggshell Ash and Lime on the Strength of Stabilized Expansive Clay Soil
AU - Zaini, Muhammad Syamsul Imran
AU - Hasan, Muzamir
AU - Almuaythir, Sultan
AU - Zolkepli, Muhammad Farhan
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.
PY - 2025
Y1 - 2025
N2 - The study investigates the strength improvement of kaolinite clay soil with the inclusion of various percentages and combinations of silica fume (SF), eggshell ash (ESA) and lime (L). Hence, the mechanical characteristics of various mix ratios of SF, ESA, and L are examined through the standard Proctor, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), and consolidated isotropic undrained (CIU) triaxial tests. The samples were treated for 1, 7, 14 and 30 days and examined under the UCS and CIU tests. The experimental results show that the strength of the kaolinite clay significantly rises with the inclusion of SF, ESA, and L at dissimilar mix ratios and curing days. The Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy profile has illustrated that the kaolinite clay soil molecules were fused jointly with SF, ESA, and L to form calcium aluminate hydrates (CAH) and calcium silicate hydrate (CSH), which enhanced the development of strength of the stabilized kaolinite clay. The mixture of SF, ESA, and L resulted in a significant strength increment of the kaolinite clay soil up to 88.74%. By stabilizing expansive clays effectively, the resulting improvement in soil strength and reduction in swell-shrink behavior can significantly enhance the durability and lifespan of foundations, pavements, and other geotechnical structures.
AB - The study investigates the strength improvement of kaolinite clay soil with the inclusion of various percentages and combinations of silica fume (SF), eggshell ash (ESA) and lime (L). Hence, the mechanical characteristics of various mix ratios of SF, ESA, and L are examined through the standard Proctor, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), and consolidated isotropic undrained (CIU) triaxial tests. The samples were treated for 1, 7, 14 and 30 days and examined under the UCS and CIU tests. The experimental results show that the strength of the kaolinite clay significantly rises with the inclusion of SF, ESA, and L at dissimilar mix ratios and curing days. The Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy profile has illustrated that the kaolinite clay soil molecules were fused jointly with SF, ESA, and L to form calcium aluminate hydrates (CAH) and calcium silicate hydrate (CSH), which enhanced the development of strength of the stabilized kaolinite clay. The mixture of SF, ESA, and L resulted in a significant strength increment of the kaolinite clay soil up to 88.74%. By stabilizing expansive clays effectively, the resulting improvement in soil strength and reduction in swell-shrink behavior can significantly enhance the durability and lifespan of foundations, pavements, and other geotechnical structures.
KW - Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy
KW - Kaolinite Clay Soil
KW - Soil Improvement
KW - Unconfined Compressive Test
KW - X-ray Diffraction
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=105008265025&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/978-981-96-6072-8_3
DO - 10.1007/978-981-96-6072-8_3
M3 - Conference contribution
AN - SCOPUS:105008265025
SN - 9789819660711
T3 - Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering
SP - 26
EP - 37
BT - Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Geotechnical Engineering in Tropical Regions, GEOTROPIKA 2024 - Disaster Resiliency for Future Development in Geotechnical Engineering
A2 - Jusoh, Siti Norafida Binti
A2 - Jaya, Ramadhansyah Putra
A2 - Horpibulsuk, Suksun
A2 - Othman, Bakhtiar Affandy Bin
PB - Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
T2 - 13th International Conference on Geotechnical Engineering in Tropical Regions, GEOTROPIKA 2024
Y2 - 4 September 2024 through 5 September 2024
ER -