Effect of double rotating cylinders on the MHD mixed convection and entropy generation of a 3D cubic enclosure filled by nano-PCM

In this manuscript, phase change material (PCM) including the nanoparticles is considered in a 3D cubic enclosure to investigate the mixed convection of heat transfer under the magnetic field effect. Double rotating cylinders also are located in the middle of the enclosure to study the effect of their angular velocity in different conditions. Governing equations are solved by Galerkin Finite Element Method (GFEM) and were confirmed by previous studies. As main outcomes, results with enhanced angular velocity, both the average temperature and cumulative energy were significantly decreased. Furthermore, unaltered fluidity (Ha = 0) imposes greater entropy, but this tendency reverses when the Hartman number (Ha) rises, resulting in minimum entropy trends.