Effect of ablation time for loading amounts of magnetic nanoparticles on CNTs for removal of Pb (II) ions from aqueous solution

A straightforward pulsed laser ablation method at room temperature was successful in fabricating Fe₃O₄/carbon nanotubes (Fe₃O₄/CNTs). Another thing that was controlled was the laser ablation time when different amounts of magnetic nanoparticles were added to decorate CNTs. The magnetic nanocomposite materials were investigated for their adsorption capacity for lead (Pb²⁺). The prepared samples were studied via different techniques to show the change in the morphology, structure, magnetic, and adsorption properties in detail, such as FT-IR, XRD, SEM, Raman, TGA, XPS, BET, and VSM. These methods demonstrated that increasing the ablation time could raise the amount of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles in the nanocomposites up to a point. After that, the hardness of the tubular structure changed the amount. All of the nanocomposites had good superparamagnetic properties, and the saturation magnetization changed depending on how many Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles were added. Nanocomposites are very good at adsorbing things and recycling them, which is because they are strongly magnetic and have a lot of Fe₃O₄/CNTs spread out. A study was done to find the best conditions for adsorption, so that the most Pb²⁺ ions could be removed. By adjusting various physicochemical variables, such as pH, reaction time, and adsorbent dosage, this was possible. The goal is reached by thoroughly getting rid of as many Pb²⁺ ions as possible. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model accurately described the adsorption kinetics for getting rid of Pb²⁺. We can, therefore, conclude that the Fe₃O₄/CNTs nanocomposites can be used again and again after being destroyed for 30 min. This makes them a cheap way to remove Pb²⁺ from water-based solutions.