Drug Associated Toxic Nephropathy Identified in the United States Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System Database

Acute kidney injury has a complex pathophysiology, but the main causes are sepsis, ischemia, and nephrotoxicity. Drugs cause about 20% of nephrotoxicity. The aim of this study was to describe reports of drug-associated toxic nephropathy. The FDA Adverse Event Reporting System was used to conduct a retrospective, descriptive analysis of all reported drug-associated nephrotoxicity. A total of 7924 reports of drug-associated toxic nephropathy were submitted to the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System. The most reported medications that were associated with toxic nephropathy were tacrolimus (11.21%), cyclosporine (11.13%), vancomycin (9.58%), cisplatin (6.51%), methotrexate (5.04%), mycophenolate mofetil (4.85%), cyclophosphamide (4.76%), prednisone (3.92%), etoposide (3.79%), and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (3.15%). Immunosuppressive drugs, antibacterial agents, antineoplastic therapies, and antiviral drugs are among the most regularly used medications that have been recognized as potentially nephrotoxic. Early detection can be achieved through careful observation and monitoring of renal function, while fast discontinuation of toxic medical treatment is necessary to prevent additional damage and, in many cases, entirely reverse renal injury.