Do long-term orientation, spirituality, materialism, and collectivism impact the self-efficacy of women micro-entrepreneurs: A study using SEM

Evidence from across the globe suggests that women micro-entrepreneurships have facilitated empowerment and inclusive growth. Local communities and the economy have benefitted substantially from micro-entrepreneurships as a direct consequence of enhanced household savings and the social and financial empowerment of women. Though several socio-psychological variables that determine entrepreneurial success have been the subject of empirical examination, the enablers of or constraints on women micro-entrepreneurship have not received due attention. The present paper has explored the relationship between long-term orientation, spirituality, materialism, and collectivism on the one hand and self-efficacy on the other. Data collected from 999 women micro-entrepreneurs through multi-stage sampling show that, while long-term orientation and materialism had a significant positive relationship with self-efficacy, no significant relationship was observed with spirituality or collectivism. The implications of the study and the scope for further research are also discussed.