Determination of Some Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Residues in Industrial Wastewater Effluents in Al-Kharj City using Capillary-Zone Electrophoresis Technique

Surveillance and quantification of pharmaceutical contaminants in environmental samples is an essential and intricate undertaking because of their potential adverse impacts on human well-being, even at the minimal concentrations. The separation and quantification of three frequently utilized non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs) drugs, namely indomethacin (IND), ketoprofen (KTP) and ibuprofen (IBP), were achieved by the application of capillary-zone electrophoresis (CZE) in the wastewater effluents of a pharmaceutical facilities available in Al-Kharj city of Saudi Arabia. The solid-phase extraction (SPE) technique was optimized and employed as an efficient approach for the sample preparation prior to analysis. In order to optimize the separation profile for the drugs under investigation, the parameters of the capillary electrophoretic method were fine-tuned. The experimental medications exhibited a concentration range spanning from 5 to 100 µg/mL. The developed assay was subsequently utilized in an efficient manner to detect the substances accurately in the real wastewater samples. The proposed method can be efficiently utilized to monitor the extent of environmental contamination caused by the NSAIDs drugs being studied.