Concrete made with partially substitution corn cob ash: A review

The idea of using agricultural and industrial waste materials in concrete helps to develop alternatives for protecting the environment, compensating for the shortage of environmental sources, and resolving the waste dumping issue. Environmental awareness about possible adverse effects has substantially expanded, and, consequently, recycling or utilizing agricultural and industrial waste by-products has become an increasingly desirable option for waste disposal. A review of corn cob ash (CCA) use in the construction industry is provided, and emerging trends in fresh properties, strength properties, durability characteristics, and microstructural properties are evaluated. The results show that adding CCA to concrete is advantageous for waste reduction and sustainable development. Furthermore, the optimum substitution of CCA is important. Although different researcher recommends different optimum substitution of CCA due to different source. However, the typical range of optimum substitution of CCA varies by 5–10% by weight of the binder. Therefore, the review recommends that CCA can be utilized in concrete for up to 10% without any harmful impact on concrete qualities. To close the possible research gap, a thorough investigation of the chemical composition of CCA from a different source and durability factors including alkali-silica reaction, shrinkage, and creep properties must be performed.