Compositional Adjusting and Antibacterial Improvement of Hydroxyapatite/Nb₂O₅/Graphene Oxide for Medical Applications

Hydroxyapatite (HAP), niobium pentoxide (Nb₂O₅), and graphene oxide are suggested to be used for biomaterial applications. They were fabricated in one ternary nanocomposite (TNC). The multifunctionality includes antibacterial activity and biocompatible properties are exhibited in TNC. In addition, the structural patterns were estimated by X-ray diffraction. Further, the surface morphology investigation was done by the scanning electron microscope in addition to the transmittance electron microscope. The nanorods of HAP were detected with dimensions around 9.5 and 29.5 nm for diameter and length, respectively. Moreover, spherical particles showed a diameter reached around 104 nm. The roughness (Ra) increased from 3.5 to 9.1 nm. Furthermore, the biocompatibility which is represented in the cell viability % increased from 96.8 ± 2 to 97.8 ± 4% from pure HAP to TNC. In this regard, the experiments were done in vitro towards osteoblast cell lines. Further, the antibacterial properties were indicated from the inhibition zones in (mm). The inhibition zone of E. coli and S. aureus reached 14.2 ± 1.2 mm and 13.9 ± 1.1 mm respectively. The enhancement in biological response can indicate the applicability of these compositions to be suggested for biomedical usages.