Chemopreventive role of Tin oxide-Chitosan-Polyethylene glycol-Crocin nanocomposites against Lung cancer: An in vitro and in vivo approach

Background: Lung cancer (LC) is a foremost cause of cancer-associated mortalities worldwide and it causes 17 % of the total cancer incidences and 20 % of the cancer-associated mortalities annually. Objective: In this exploration, we intended to formulate the Tin oxide-Chitosan-Polyethylene glycol-Crocin nanocomposites (SCP-Cr-NCs) and examine its anticancer role against the LC in both in vitro and in vivo models. Methodology: The formulated SCP-Cr-NCs were characterized using several methods. The LC was initiated to the BALB/c mice via injecting the 2 × 10⁶ of A549 cells into the posterior flank and treated with the 10 and 20 µM of formulated SCP-Cr-NCs for 19 days. The tumor weight and xenobiotic dysfunction markers status was examined by standard methods. The status of pro-inflammatory markers was studied using ELISA kits. The lung histology was examined microscopically. The viability of SCP-Cr-NCs treated A549 cells were investigated. The ROS and MMP status and apoptosis in the SCP-Cr-NCs treated A549 cells were inspected by fluorescence staining techniques. Results: The tumor weight and the status of xenobiotic dysfunction markers were remarkably reduced by the SCP-Cr-NCs. The SCP-Cr-NCs supplementation also diminished the IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and CEA. The viability of SCP-Cr-NCs administered A549 cells were reduced drastically. The outcomes of fluorescence assay was demonstrated that the SCP-Cr-NCs were diminished the MMP and elevated the ROS status and apoptosis in the A549 cells. SCP-Cr-NCs also restrained the cell adhesion of A549 cells. Conclusion: Collectively, our findings provided the evidence that the formulated SCP-Cr-NCs demonstrated the anticancer potential and it could be a talented chemopreventive candidate to treat the LC.