Characterization of Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) resistance to indoxacarb: inheritance mode, realized heritability, and fitness costs

Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a major economic pest attacking a variety of crops in Egypt and other Mediterranean countries. S. littoralis has developed resistance to both traditional and novel insecticides. The current study investigated S. littoralis resistance to indoxacarb regarding inheritance mode, realized heritability (h²), and fitness costs. An indoxacarb-resistant strain (Indoxa-SEL) was obtained by selecting a field strain with indoxacarb. Indoxa-SEL strain outperformed the susceptible one (Indoxa-S) by 29.77-fold after 16 consecutive generations of selection. Based on the LC₅₀ values of the progenies of reciprocal crosses F1 (R × S) and F1 (R×S), S. littoralis resistance to indoxacarb was found to be autosomal and partially recessive. Chi-square tests for goodness-of-fit between observed and expected mortalities of self-bred F₁ and resistant strain reciprocal crosses revealed that the resistance was controlled by multiple genes. The resistant strain had a relative fitness of 0.80, with significantly increased total preovipositional period of females, egg, larvae, pupae, preadult, adult, and total longevity period. The estimated realized heritability value in the Indoxa-SEL strain was 0.21. The current study will contribute to sustaining indoxacarb efficacy and designing effective resistance management programs against S. littoralis.