Bioremediation techniques for soil organic pollution: Mechanisms, microorganisms, and technologies - A comprehensive review

Organic pollution of the environment is a serious issue that affects the planet's soil, water, and air, posing a significant threat to ecosystems and living organisms. Bioremediation has emerged as a promising solution for organic soil pollution due to its low cost and simplicity. This review delves into the mechanism of bioremediation, focuses on using microorganisms in the process, and examines different technologies utilized. Additionally, the potential of genetic engineering to enhance the effectiveness of bioremediation was highlighted. Overall, it emphasizes the significance of bioremediation as a solution to organic soil pollution and provides an overview of the different approaches and technologies available. The innovation of this review is to deal with the remediation of organic soil contamination by microorganisms when introducing phytoremediation, genetic engineering methods, and technologies applied in bioremediation. The aim and the novelty are to conferan understanding and resolution for the scientific community of this global concern, which affects practically every aspect of life: agronomy, health, the environment, and the world economy. Climate change, industrialization, and population increase will make bioremediation critical and crucial in the upcoming century. The difference between this work and others is that it provides the reader with a complete tool for understanding all aspects and mechanisms of bioremediation.