Biogenic Synthesis and Characterization of Calcium Oxide Nanoparticles Using Bark Extract of Syzygium cumini and an Evaluation of Their Cytotoxicity and Wound Healing Properties

The current study focuses on synthesis of biogenic calcium oxide nanoparticles (CaO NPs) using the bark extract of Syzygium cumini, through green chemistry approach. It deals with the development of CaO NPs using Syzygium cumini bark, which is ethnomedicinally relevant and has a multitude of applications. The green synthesis technique ensures sustainability by the use of natural reducing agents and less release of hazardous wastes. Synthesized CaO NPs were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The XRD analysis confirmed a cubic crystalline structure with an average particles size ranging from 48 to 52 nm. SEM and EDX analysis showed a spherical morphology with some aggregation, while elemental analysis confirmed the presence of Ca, O, Na, and C. FTIR spectroscopy identified functional groups that acted as capping and stabilizing agents. The thermal stability of CaO NPs was determined by TGA with loss of weight due to moisture evaporation and organic decomposition. Cytotoxicity assays showed dose–response manner, 88.37% cell viability at 20 µg and 61.97% at 100 µg, which indicates probable biomedical applications. Scratch assay demonstrated the nanoparticle ability to promote wound healing and tissue regeneration. S. cumini-mediated CaO NPs can be translated to potential biomedicine applications such as wound healing, antimicrobial agents, and drug delivery.