Assessment of the Efficacy of Different Storage Media for Maintaining an Avulsed Tooth: An In Vitro Study

Aim: The aim of the current research was to assess the effectiveness of four different storage media for maintaining an avulsed tooth. Materials and methods: A total of 80 premolars implicated for extraction as part of orthodontic treatment were chosen for this research. The extraction of premolars was performed with minimal likely trauma and the least amount of injury to the periodontal ligament (PDL) membrane. Following removal, the premolars were caught from the crown area employing forceps as well as 3 mm of the PDL was removed from the crown region with the aid of a curette to facilitate the elimination of injured cells. The specimens were then allocated at random to one of the four investigational cohorts as group I—Hank’s balanced salt solution (HBSS) (positive control), group II—Ringer’s lactate, group III—Aloe vera, and group IV—egg albumin, each comprising 20 specimens in every group. The specimens in the investigational cohorts were subjected to storage to permit drying for 30 minutes and then immersed for 60 minutes in the individual storage medium. Every tube was subsequently subjected to centrifugation for 4 minutes at 1000 rpm, following which the supernatant was eliminated with disinfected micropipettes. The cells resulting from the supernatant were subjected to coloring with 0.5% trypan blue for determining viability. The quantity of viable PDL cells was calculated beneath a light microscope with a hemocytometer at 20× magnifying power. Results: The highest mean viable periodontal cell was exhibited by HBSS at 38.48 ± 2.32, pursued by the use of Aloe vera at 30.36 ± 1.86, then the egg albumin group at 24.58 ± 2.38, and finally the Ringer’s lactate group at 21.12 ± 3.06. The dissimilarity noted amid the groups was greatly significant, with a p-value < 0.001. Conclusion: Among the confines of the limitations of this research, it may be inferred that HBSS exhibited the highest efficacy as a storage medium for an avulsed tooth than the other three investigational groups. As an alternative, Aloe vera may be utilized in regions where HBSS may not be accessible. Clinical significance: Trauma to the dentoalveolar segment is a frequent occurrence, with avulsion accounting for a large amount of harm. The therapy of preference for postavulsion is instant reimplantation. Nevertheless, in instances where this may not be likely, the prognosis of reimplanted teeth can be enhanced by the choice of a suitable storage medium. Avoidance of ankylosis plus replacement resorption is influenced by the ability of storage media to preserve cell viability to a greater extent vs the time tenure outside the alveolus.